Embryology of myelomeningocele and anencephaly

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Rachischisis and Anencephaly

SUMMARY Antenatal ultrasonography has an important rule in diagnosis of congenital malformation. At present identification of most major congenital abnormality during pregnancy depends on . sensitivity and resolution of the instrument, skilful and experienced sonologist and gestational age. Cranial and spinal defects and other malformations can be ferquently diagnosed with ultrasound. Major a...

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Anencephaly.

Anencephaly is an open neural tube [5] defect, meaning that part of the neural tube [5] does not properly close or that it has reopened during early embryogenesis [6]. An embryo with anencephaly develops without the top of the skull, but retains a partial skull, including the face. Anencephaly is one of the most common birth defects [7] of the neural tube [5], occurring at a rate of approximate...

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Myelomeningocele.

1. Recognize the signs and symptoms of ventricular shunt failure (increased intracranial pressure). 2. Identify the signs and symptoms of tethered spinal cord. 3. List signs and symptoms of Chiari II malformation. 4. Apply the three-level classification system to patients who have spinal cord abnormalities. 5. Use system-based recommendations for ongoing surveillance and care of patients who ha...

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Embryology

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Prenatal Diagnosis of Anencephaly

Human serum normally contains only the conjugated bile salts, glycocholate, glycochenodeoxycholate, taurocholate and taurochenodeoxycholate (Sandberg et al., 1965 ; Panveliwalla et al., 1970), with a total concentration below 5pmol/l. In serum from jaundiced patients the total bile salt concentration may rise to values exceeding 250pmol/l (Panveliwalla et al., 1970). The conjugated chenodeoxych...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Neurosurgical Focus

سال: 2004

ISSN: 1092-0684

DOI: 10.3171/foc.2004.16.2.2